NPX:

npx is a very powerful command that's been available in npm starting version 5.2, released in July 2017.

If you don't want to install npm, you can install npx as a standalone package

npx lets you run code built with Node.js and published through the npm registry.

Easily run local commands

Node.js developers used to publish most of the executable commands as global packages, in order for them to be in the path and executable immediately.

This was a pain because you could not really install different versions of the same command.

Running npx commandname automatically finds the correct reference of the command inside the node_modules folder of a project, without needing to know the exact path, and without requiring the package to be installed globally and in the user's path.

Installation-less command execution

There is another great feature of npx, which is allowing to run commands without first installing them.

This is pretty useful, mostly because:

  1. you don't need to install anything
  2. you can run different versions of the same command, using the syntax @version

A typical demonstration of using npx is through the cowsay command. cowsay will print a cow saying what you wrote in the command. For example:

cowsay "Hello" will print

 _______
< Hello >
 -------
        \   ^__^
         \  (oo)\_______
            (__)\       )\/\
                ||----w |
                ||     ||

This only works if you have the cowsay command globally installed from npm previously. Otherwise you'll get an error when you try to run the command.

npx allows you to run that npm command without having it installed locally:

npx cowsay "Hello"

will do the job.

Now, this is a funny useless command. Other scenarios include:

  • running the vue CLI tool to create new applications and run them: npx @vue/cli create my-vue-app
  • creating a new React app using create-react-app: npx create-react-app my-react-app

and many more.

Once downloaded, the downloaded code will be wiped.

Run some code using a different Node.js version

Use the @ to specify the version, and combine that with the node npm package:

npx node@10 -v #v10.18.1
npx node@12 -v #v12.14.1

This helps to avoid tools like nvm or the other Node.js version management tools.

Run arbitrary code snippets directly from a URL

npx does not limit you to the packages published on the npm registry.

You can run code that sits in a GitHub gist, for example:

npx https://gist.github.com/zkat/4bc19503fe9e9309e2bfaa2c58074d32

Of course, you need to be careful when running code that you do not control, as with great power comes great responsibility.